Quick Answer

AIDS occurs when untreated HIV infection damages the immune system to the point where the body can no longer fight off certain infections and cancers. HIV is a retrovirus that attacks CD4 cells. With modern treatment, viral load can become undetectable, preventing progression to AIDS.

  • HIV is a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4 immune cells.
  • AIDS is the advanced stage of HIV infection, defined by a CD4 count below 200.
  • Without treatment, HIV typically progresses to AIDS over 8-10 years.
  • Modern antiretroviral therapy can reduce viral load to undetectable levels.
  • Undetectable viral load means HIV cannot be transmitted to partners (U=U).
  • Early diagnosis and treatment prevent AIDS and maintain immune function.

Context Most Pages Skip

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is a retrovirus, meaning it uses RNA to insert its genetic material into human cells. The virus specifically targets and destroys CD4 T-cells, which are essential for a healthy immune system. If left untreated, the infection gradually weakens the immune system, eventually leading to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Understanding this progression is key to grasping why early treatment is so effective at preventing severe disease and transmission.

Related Questions

⚕️ This page is educational and does not replace advice from a licensed clinician. If you may have been exposed to an STI, get tested — most infections are manageable, and many are fully curable.

Sources & Further Reading

Figures reflect CDC surveillance and WHO estimates; they are population statistics, not personal risk predictions.