Diabetes affects millions of Americans, and many more have prediabetes without knowing it. Early detection through proper testing is crucial for preventing complications and managing the condition effectively.
Types of Diabetes Tests
A1C Test (Hemoglobin A1C)
The A1C test measures your average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months. It does not require fasting and is the preferred test for diagnosing diabetes.
- Normal: Below 5.7%
- Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
- Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
Fasting Plasma Glucose
This test measures blood sugar after an overnight fast. It requires no eating or drinking (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test.
- Normal: Less than 100 mg/dL
- Prediabetes: 100-125 mg/dL
- Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or higher
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
This test measures blood sugar before and 2 hours after drinking a glucose solution. It is commonly used during pregnancy to screen for gestational diabetes.
Which Test Should You Choose?
The A1C test is convenient because it does not require fasting. However, fasting glucose may be preferred in certain situations. Your healthcare provider can help determine the best test for you.
When to Get Tested
Adults should be screened for diabetes every 3 years starting at age 35. Those with risk factors may need earlier and more frequent testing.